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| Modern Genetic Analysis Chapter 16. The Genetic Basis of Development Forming Complex Pattern: Establishing Positional Information Figure 16-14. Photomicrographs showing the expression of localized AP determinants in the embryo. (a) By in situ hybridization to RNA, the localization of bcd mRNA to the anterior (left) tip of the embryo can be seen. (b) By antibody staining, a gradient of BCD protein (brown stain) can be visualized, with its highest concentration at the anterior tip. (c) Similarly, nos mRNA localizes to the posterior (right) tip of the embryo, and (d) NOS protein is in a gradient with a high point at the posterior tip. (Parts a and b from Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Development, Suppl. 1, 1991, 1. Parts c and d provided by E. R. Gavis, L. K. Dickinson, and R. Lehmann, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.)

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