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| Modern Genetic Analysis Chapter 14. Regulation of Gene Transcription Transcription: Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes an Overview Figure 14-22. The molecular apparatus controlling transcription in human cells consists of four kinds of components. (The numbered proteins are the names of the subunits of RNA polymerase II. Each subunit is named according to its molecular mass in kilodaltons.) Basal transcription factors (labeled A, B, F, E, H) are essential for transcription but cannot by themselves increase or decrease its rate. That task falls to regulatory molecules known as activators and repressors. Activators, and possibly repressors, communicate with the basal factors through coactivatorsproteins that are linked in a tight complex to the TATA-binding protein, the first of the basal transcription factors to land on the core promoter. (From R. Tjian, "Molecular Machines That Control Genes." Copyright © 1995 by Scientific American, Inc. All rights reserved.)

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