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| Modern Genetic Analysis Chapter 3. Gene Function Making Functional Transcripts Figure 3-7. Promoter sequence. (a) The promoter lies "upstream" (toward 5 end) of the initiation point and coding sequences. (Remember, transcription actually occurs on the complementary strand.) (b) Promoter sites have regions of similar sequences, as indicated by the yellow region in the 13 different promoter sequences in E. coli. Spaces (dots) included to maximize homology at consensus sequences. The gene governed by each promoter sequence is indicated on the left. Numbering is given in terms of the number of bases before () or after (+) the RNA synthesis initiation point. (c) Color coding in the consensus sequences for all E. coli promoters at the bottom is as follows: blue letters, >75%; boldface black letters, 5075%; black letters, 4050%. [From H. Lodish, D. Baltimore, A. Berk, S. L. Zipursky, P. Matsudaira, and J. Darnell, Molecular Cell Biology, 3d ed. Copyright © 1995 by Scientific American Books, Inc. See W. R. McClure, Ann. Rev. Biochem. 54, 1985, 171 (Consensus Sequences).]

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