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| Modern Genetic Analysis Chapter 12. Genomics Structural Genomics Figure 12-20. (a) Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD analysis) provides molecular chromosome markers. If another strain lacks one of the bands, this band can be considered a heterozygous marker locus and used in mapping, as shown in the example in part b. (b) RAPD analysis of a cross in a species of tree. A 10-nucleotide primer was used to amplify regions of genomic DNA in the parental trees (M = male, F = female) and 10 progeny. DNA standards for size calibration are shown in the right lane, marked "stds." The arrows point to two bands that represent two loci in a "dihybrid" testcross. The two alleles of both these loci are expressed as the presence and the absence of a RAPD band. Of the two parents, only the male showed these bands, but the male must have been heterozygous for the presence (+ allele) and absence ( allele) of bands at both loci. The male could be designated 1+ / 1 . 2+ / 2, and the female 1 / 1 . 2 / 2. The progeny show various parental and nonparental combinations of these alleles. (John E. Carlson)

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