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| Modern Genetic Analysis Chapter 7. Gene Mutations The Molecular Basis of Mutation Figure 7-7. Alkylation-induced specific mispairing. The alkylation (in this case, EMS-generated ethylation) of the O-6 position of guanine, as well as the O-4 position of thymine, can lead to direct mispairing with thymine and guanine, respectively, as shown here. In bacteria, where mutations have been analyzed in great detail, the principal mutations detected are G·C A·T transitions, indicating that the O-6 alkylation of guanine is most relevant to mutagenesis.

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